Analyzing Hypertension Drug Treatment: How Do the Mechanisms of Drugs Assist in Scientific Weight Loss?

Drug Therapy:

Human blood pressure is affected by many factors. Any change in blood pressure can occur if any part or link in the blood pressure regulation system is affected. Antihypertensive drugs work by acting on one or more parts of the blood pressure regulation system. Based on their primary site of action, antihypertensive drugs are classified as diuretics, sympathetic nerve inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and vasodilators.

Gangioid Blockers: These block the transmission of nerve impulses in the sympathetic ganglia, thereby lowering blood pressure. They reduce peripheral resistance by dilating arteries and veins, decreasing venous return and cardiac output. Due to numerous and severe adverse reactions, they are now rarely used.

Sympathetic Nerve Terminal Inhibitors:

(1) Pharmacological Action: Sympathetic nerve terminal inhibitors lower blood pressure by acting on norepinephrine nerve endings, depleting their neurotransmitter norepinephrine, and blocking the contractile effect of peripheral norepinephrine nerves on vascular smooth muscle. (2) Drugs and Antihypertensive Use

Reserpine: Oral administration, 0.05–0.15 mg once daily; intramuscular injection, 0.5–1.0 mg once, if necessary. Reserpine is rarely used alone for antihypertensive purposes; it is often used in combination with diuretics, vasodilators, etc., to treat mild to moderate hypertension. Long-term use of this drug can cause increased gastric acid secretion and occasionally depression; therefore, it is contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcers and depression.

Guanethidine: 10 mg once or twice daily. The common adverse reaction of this drug is orthostatic hypotension, which can cause dizziness or syncope. It is not suitable for patients with severe arteriosclerosis and insufficient blood supply to the heart, brain, and kidneys.

α₁-receptor blockers:

(1) Pharmacological effects

α₁-receptor blockers selectively block α₁-receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of vascular smooth muscle, causing a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and producing a hypotensive effect. α₁-receptor blockers have a vasodilatory effect on both arterioles and veins.

(2) Drugs and antihypertensive applications

Prazosin: Oral administration, 0.5–1 mg, 2–3 times daily, gradually increasing the dose to a total daily dose of 20 mg. The main adverse reaction is the so-called "first-dose phenomenon," manifested as severe orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, syncope, palpitations, etc. Generally, the first dose is changed to 0.5 mg, taken before bedtime, which can prevent or reduce this adverse reaction.

Doxazosin can lower blood lipids and has a good effect on insulin resistance.

β-receptor blockers:

(1) Pharmacological effects

β-receptor blockers can inhibit myocardial contractility, slow heart rate, and reduce cardiac output, thereby lowering blood pressure, but the antihypertensive effect appears slowly; they can also inhibit renin release, block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system's regulation of blood pressure, and thus exert an antihypertensive effect; they can also block presynaptic membrane receptors and reduce norepinephrine release.