How can obese individuals prevent coronary heart disease? Scientific weight loss is a key measure.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a heart condition caused by severe atherosclerotic stenosis or blockage of the coronary arteries, or by combined spasm and thrombosis leading to luminal obstruction, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the coronary arteries, myocardial ischemia, or infarction. Approximately 90% of cases are due to coronary atherosclerosis, and 5%–10% are due to simple coronary artery spasm. Other pathological changes include coronary arteritis and coronary embolism. The incidence of CAD is significantly higher in obese patients, being five times that of non-obese individuals. The sudden death rate in obese patients is four times that of non-obese individuals.

The treatment of CAD follows the principle of prevention first, with treatment as a supplement.

I. Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease

1. Dietary Control
The main measures for preventing hypertension include reducing sodium intake, controlling obesity, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption. Total calorie intake should not be too high. Excessive consumption of cholesterol-rich foods should be avoided. Vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil and soybean oil are preferable; peanut oil and coconut oil should be avoided. 1. For individuals with hypercholesterolemia:Daily cholesterol intake should be below 300mg.

2. Blood Pressure Control:Controlling hypertension and lowering elevated blood pressure levels in obese individuals is a crucial aspect of preventing coronary heart disease and can also effectively prevent cerebrovascular accidents.

3. Blood Lipid Control:Preventive drug treatment primarily focuses on lowering lipids. Lipid-lowering drugs that primarily lower cholesterol include HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as simvastatin, pravastatin, and fludostatin sodium; lipid-lowering drugs that primarily lower triglycerides include fenofibrate and gemfibrozil (see Section 1 of this chapter). Clinical applications show that taking statins can reduce the mortality rate of coronary heart disease by 50%.

4. Controlling Unhealthy Behaviors:Avoiding or quitting smoking is not only a key measure in the prevention of coronary heart disease but also extremely important for the prevention and treatment of lung diseases and the promotion of health. Smoking during pregnancy can also harm the fetus. Quitting smoking can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in existing smokers.

5. Other preventive measures: Maintain appropriate physical activity. Physical exercise should be arranged appropriately according to age, physical strength, health condition and original condition. Combine work and rest at work, and avoid unnecessary continuous or excessive tension and anxiety.