How can scientific weight loss prevent obesity-related coronary heart disease? Key measures explained.
Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in Obese Individuals
CAD is a common complication of obesity and a leading cause of death among obese patients. CAD is a multifactorial disease, and the progression from lesion to clinical manifestation often requires a long process. Therefore, even in areas where the mortality rate from CAD is still low, it is necessary to control risk factors as early as possible to prevent its onset.
A low-calorie diet combined with appropriate exercise is the basic method for controlling risk factors for CAD. Drug treatment may still be necessary in some cases.
(1) Blood Pressure
The effect of weight loss on blood pressure is as significant as that of antihypertensive drugs. A 10% weight loss can significantly lower blood pressure. Therefore, controlling hypertension and lowering elevated blood pressure levels in the population is an important aspect of preventing CAD and can also effectively prevent cerebrovascular accidents.
(2) Diet and Blood Lipids
The total calorie intake should not be too high. Excessive consumption of cholesterol-rich foods should be avoided, such as pork (beef) brain, egg yolks, lamb (pork) liver, pork (beef) kidney, beef (pork) fat, fatty meat, and butter. For patients with pre-existing hypercholesterolemia, daily cholesterol intake should be below 300 kg, and medication may be used in conjunction.
(3) Treatment should be tailored to the specific clinical manifestations.
Obesity-related cardiomyopathy: As early as 1933, Smith and Winius performed autopsies on 135 obese deceased individuals, reporting on four cases of significantly obese individuals who died of heart failure. No evidence of hypertension or other heart diseases was found during the autopsies. Based on this, the idea that obesity could cause cardiac dysfunction was first proposed. Later, it was reported that excessive obesity could lead to cardiomyopathy; therefore, the cardiac dysfunction caused by obesity was named "obesity-related cardiomyopathy."
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