How to choose a diet for weight loss? Limiting fat, sugar, and organ meats is key.
Dietary Choices: Dietary choices are primarily determined based on dietary therapy principles, food nutrition, and dietary energy requirements (see Section 3 of this chapter for specific calculation methods). The general requirements are as follows:
Fat Restriction:Excessive fat intake can cause ketosis. When restricting dietary energy intake, it is essential to restrict dietary fat intake, especially animal fat. In obesity, excessive fat accumulation in subcutaneous tissue and internal organs often leads to complications such as fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and coronary heart disease. Furthermore, a high-fat diet easily creates a feeling of fullness, reducing appetite. To ensure a diet with low energy content yet high satiety, dietary fat for obese individuals should be controlled to 25%–30% of total energy intake.
Carbohydrate Restriction:Carbohydrates have low satiety and can increase appetite. Moderately to severely obese individuals often experience increased appetite. If the proportion of carbohydrates in a low-calorie diet is still given at or above the normal requirement, patients will find it difficult to accept. In addition, to prevent ketosis and negative nitrogen balance, carbohydrate intake should be controlled to 40%–55% of total energy. Carbohydrates can be converted into fat in the body, especially in obese individuals who consume low-carbohydrate foods, which are more likely to be deposited as fat. Therefore, foods containing low-carbohydrate foods, such as sucrose, maltose, fructose, candied fruits, and desserts, should be consumed as little as possible or avoided altogether. Dietary fiber is not restricted. Foods high in dietary fiber can be consumed more frequently. The daily intake of dietary fiber should not be less than 12g per person.
Limit animal organs: Animal organs such as liver, heart, and kidneys are rich in purines. Purine compounds can increase appetite and increase the metabolic burden on the liver and kidneys. Therefore, animal organs high in purines should be strictly limited.
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